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  2. Historical race concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_race_concepts

    The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...

  3. Race (human categorization) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)

    Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2]

  4. Race and society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_society

    The race of the Wright had to be socially proven, and neither side could present enough evidence. Since the slave owner Hudgins bore the burden of proof, Wright and her children gained their freedom. López uses this example to show the power of race in society. Human fate, he argues, still depends upon ancestry and appearance.

  5. Origins of society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_society

    The society installs these concepts in each individual's psyche in the manner first identified by Emile Durkheim, namely, by means of collective rituals such as initiation rites. Therefore, the problem of the origins of society boils down to the problem of the origins of collective ritual.

  6. Scientific racism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism

    He thought Adam and Eve were Caucasian, and hence, the original race of mankind. The other two races arose by survivors escaping in different directions after a major catastrophe hit the earth approximately 5,000 years ago. Cuvier theorized that the survivors lived in complete isolation from each other, and developed separately as a result. [62 ...

  7. Social degeneration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_degeneration

    In the essay "Über Menschen-Rassen und Schweine-Rassen", Blumenbach clarified his understanding of the relationship between different human races by calling upon the example of the pig. [12] He contended that, if the domestic pig and the wild boar were seen as belonging to the same species, then different humans, regardless of skin color or ...

  8. Race and genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_genetics

    Researchers have investigated the relationship between race and genetics as part of efforts to understand how biology may or may not contribute to human racial categorization. Today, the consensus among scientists is that race is a social construct, and that using it as a proxy for genetic differences among populations is misleading. [1] [2]

  9. Polygenism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenism

    Home believed God had created different races on Earth in separate regions. In his book Sketches on the History of Man in 1734 Home claimed that the environment, climate, or state of society could not account for racial differences, so that the races must have come from distinct, separate stocks. [18]