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The Capture of Rome (Italian: Presa di Roma) occurred on 20 September 1870, as forces of the Kingdom of Italy took control of the city and of the Papal States. After a plebiscite held on 2 October 1870, Rome was officially made capital of Italy on 3 February 1871, completing the unification of Italy ( Risorgimento ).
The 13 May 1871 Italian Law of Guarantees, passed eight months after the capture of Rome, was an attempt to solve the problem by making the pope a subject of the Kingdom of Italy, not an independent sovereign, while guaranteeing him certain honours similar to those given to the king and the right to send and receive ambassadors.
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The Sack of Rome, then part of the Papal States, followed the capture of Rome on 6 May 1527 by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, during the War of the League of Cognac. Charles V only intended to threaten military action to make Pope Clement VII come to his terms.
The electoral result was controversial; in terms of percentages, Prime Minister Giovanni Lanza fully exploited the prestige of the Capture of Rome against his parliamentary opponents. However, the turnout further declined after the Non expedit of Pope Pius IX , so that less than 1% of the total population of the country took part to this ...
Latium, including Rome itself, was occupied and annexed in 1870. For the following sixty years, relations between the Papacy and the Italian government were hostile, and the sovereign rights of the pope became known as the Roman question. The Popes knew that Rome was irrevocably the capital of Italy.
There are a number of monuments to the Papal Zouaves, including a Dutch museum near the Oudenbosch Basilica, [25] the Mass chapel in Rome's Capuchin Crypt and a monument in the Lateran. [ 26 ] The names of the 507 Canadian Papal Zouaves are engraved in gold letters on marble slabs in Montreal ’s Mary, Queen of the World . [ 27 ]
La presa di Roma, also known as La breccia di Porta Pia or Bandiera bianca, and distributed in English-speaking countries under the title The Capture of Roma is a 1905 Italian short black-and-white silent film directed by Filoteo Alberini. [1]