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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis. [9] [a] A minority of DVTs occur in the arms. [11] Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, and enlarged veins in the affected area, but some DVTs have no symptoms. [1]
Nevertheless, non-ischemic venous thrombosis may still be problematic, due to the swelling caused by blockage to venous drainage. In deep vein thrombosis this manifests as pain, redness, and swelling; in retinal vein occlusion this may result in macular oedema and visual acuity impairment, which if severe enough can lead to blindness.
Animation showing the formation of an occlusive blood clot in a vein. Several platelets attach to the lips of the valve, narrowing the opening and causing more platelets and red blood cells to pool and clot. Clotting of immobile blood on both sides of the blockage can cause the clot to spread in both directions.
Venous thrombosis is the blockage of a vein caused by a thrombus (blood clot). A common form of venous thrombosis is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), when a blood clot forms in the deep veins.
Deep vein thrombosis/ right leg. Thrombophlebitis causes include disorders related to increased tendency for blood clotting and reduced speed of blood in the veins such as prolonged immobility; prolonged traveling (sitting) may promote a blood clot leading to thrombophlebitis but this occurs relatively less.
When a thrombus occludes an extremity vein, pressure backs up in the venous system leading plasma fluid to leak out into the interstitium of the affected limb. This increases the pressure of that limb compartment, which can collapse the arteries and lead to acute ischemia, gangrene, hypovolemia, and hemodynamic instability. [14] [15]
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