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The use of electrical conductivity measurements to estimate the ionic content of seawater led to the development of the scale called the practical salinity scale 1978 (PSS-78). [9] [10] Salinities measured using PSS-78 do not have units. The suffix psu or PSU (denoting practical salinity unit) is sometimes added to PSS-78 measurement values. [11]
The salinity in isolated bodies of water can be considerably greater still – about ten times higher in the case of the Dead Sea. Historically, several salinity scales were used to approximate the absolute salinity of seawater. A popular scale was the "Practical Salinity Scale" where salinity was measured in "practical salinity units (PSU)".
The handling of salinity was one of the novelties in TEOS-10. It defines the relationship between Reference Salinity and Practical Salinity, Chlorinity or Absolute Salinity and accounts for the different chemical compositions by adding a regionally variable 𝛿SA (see Figure). [7]
A commonly used criterion found is that the salinity at a depth of 100m drops below 34.9 practical salinity units. ... is the conversion from subtropical to sub-polar ...
The absolute salinity is based on density, where it uses the mass off all non-H 2 O molecules. Conductivity-based salinity is calculated directly from conductivity measurements taken by (for example) buoys. [5] The GSW beta(SA,CT,p) function can calculate β when the absolute salinity (SA), conserved temperature (CT) and the pressure are known.
The "practical salinity unit" is effectively not motivated in the article since it completely lacks any reference to physical salinity. The statement "It is not the case that a salinity of 35 exactly equals 35 grams of salt per liter of solution." only says that PSU is not equal to grams per liter.
A salinometer. A salinometer is a device designed to measure the salinity, or dissolved salt content, of a solution.. Since the salinity affects both the electrical conductivity and the specific gravity of a solution, a salinometer often consist of an ec meter or hydrometer and some means of converting those readings to a salinity reading.
Conservative temperature is defined to be directly proportional to potential enthalpy. It is rescaled to have the same units as the in-situ temperature: = where = 3989.24495292815 J kg −1 K −1 is a reference value of the specific heat capacity, chosen to be as close as possible to the spatial average of the heat capacity over the entire ocean surface.