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Pope Alexander VII (Italian: Alessandro VII; 13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death, in May 1667. [1] [2] He began his career as a vice-papal legate, and he held various diplomatic positions in the Holy See.
XII Apostoli (received the title on 15 March 1666), then cardinal-priest of S. Crisogono (1 December 1681), cardinal-priest of S. Maria in Trastevere (13 November 1684), cardinal-bishop of Sabina (28 February 1689), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina (8 August 1691), cardinal-bishop of Porto e S. Rufina (27 January 1698), † 29 June 1698
In opposition to Pope Alexander II: 156 30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (11 years, 203 days) Alexander II ALEXANDER Secundus: Anselmo da Baggio c. 1018 Baggio, Free Commune of Milan, Holy Roman Empire 46 / 58 Citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Authorized the Norman conquest of England in 1066. 157 22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (12 years ...
The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence: [1]. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope, [a] plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order, [9] [10] as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern ...
The 1655 papal conclave was convened following the death of Pope Innocent X and ended with the election of Cardinal Fabio Chigi as Alexander VII.The conclave quickly reached a deadlock, with Giulio Cesare Sacchetti receiving 33 votes throughout the conclave, but never securing enough for his own election.
By the papacy of Sixtus V (1585–1590), the number was set at seventy on 3 December 1586, divided among fourteen cardinal-deacons, fifty cardinal-priests, and six cardinal-bishops. [ 5 ] Popes respected that limit until Pope John XXIII increased the number of cardinals several times to 88 in January 1961 [ 15 ] and Pope Paul VI continued this ...
Cardinals created by Pope Alexander VIII (12 P) Cardinals created by Pope Innocent XI (3 P) Cardinals created by Pope Urban VIII (63 P) E. 17th-century English ...
Ippolito de' Medici, a cardinal-nephew of Pope Clement VII and illegitimate son of Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici. A cardinal-nephew is a cardinal elevated by a pope who was his uncle, or more generally, his relative. The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages, and reached its apex during the 16th and 17th centuries ...