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1914 – H.G. Wells writes The World Set Free, a science fiction novel postulating a world war in 1956 pitting the United Kingdom and France against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Inspired by the research of Rutherford, Sir William Ramsay , and Frederick Soddy , the novel predicts the development of atomic weapons, and features a "carolinum ...
A paper is submitted to Physical Review in March but publication is delayed until 1946 due to World War II. 1942. In May, the L-IV atomic pile at the University of Leipzig sees the first net neutron production of the Nazi German nuclear program.
In the 21st century, the label of the "Atomic Age" connotes either a sense of nostalgia or naïveté and is considered by many to have ended with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, though the term continues to be used by many historians to describe the era following the conclusion of the Second World War. Atomic energy and weapons continue ...
1967 Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam publish papers in which they describe Yang–Mills theory using the SU(2) X U(1) supersymmetry group, thereby yielding a mass for the W particle of the weak interaction via spontaneous symmetry breaking. 1967 Steven Weinberg puts forth his electroweak model of leptons [26] [27]
The designing, testing, producing, deploying, and defending against nuclear weapons is one of the largest expenditures for the nations which possess nuclear weapons. In the United States during the Cold War years, between "one quarter to one third of all military spending since World War II [was] devoted to nuclear weapons and their ...
Mar. 16—The Manhattan Project in New Mexico was front and center in 1945. In nanoseconds, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan at the end of World War II changed the nature of warfare ...
The reactor's development was part of the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic bombs during World War II. It led to the building of larger single-purpose production reactors, such as the X-10 Pile, for the production of weapons-grade plutonium for use in the first nuclear weapons.
[34] One month after the Bulletin made this clock adjustment, the Soviet Union dissolves on December 26, 1991. This is the farthest from midnight the Clock has been since its inception. 1995 14 23:46 −3 Global military spending continues at Cold War levels amid concerns about post-Soviet nuclear proliferation of weapons and brainpower. 1998 9 ...