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A parallel projection is a particular case of projection in mathematics and graphical projection in technical drawing. Parallel projections can be seen as the limit of a central or perspective projection, in which the rays pass through a fixed point called the center or viewpoint, as this point is moved towards
Descriptive geometry is the branch of geometry which allows the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions by using a specific set of procedures. The resulting techniques are important for engineering, architecture, design and in art. [1] The theoretical basis for descriptive geometry is provided by planar geometric projections.
An elevation is a common method of depicting the external configuration and detailing of a 3-dimensional object in two dimensions. Building façades are shown as elevations in architectural drawings and technical drawings. Elevations are the most common orthographic projection for conveying the appearance of a building from the exterior.
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.
(The image plane is parallel to the y-z-plane.) The left and the far right images look more like prolonged cuboids instead of a cube. Axonometry (cavalier perspective) of a house on checked pattern paper. In order to keep the drawing simple, one should choose simple foreshortenings, for example or .
Classification of Axonometric projection and some 3D projections "Axonometry" means "to measure along the axes". In German literature, axonometry is based on Pohlke's theorem, such that the scope of axonometric projection could encompass every type of parallel projection, including not only orthographic projection (and multiview projection), but also oblique projection.
Example mechanical drawing. Here is an example of an engineering drawing (an isometric view of the same object is shown above). The different line types are colored for clarity. Black = object line and hatching; Red = hidden line; Blue = center line of piece or opening; Magenta = phantom line or cutting plane line
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture.Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to assist a building ...