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The classical Erechtheion is the last in a series of buildings approximately on the mid-north site of the Acropolis of Athens, the earliest of which dates back to the late Bronze Age Mycenaean period. L.B. Holland [18] conjectured that the remains under the Erechtheion was the forecourt of a palace complex similar to that of Mycenae. [19]
The Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus was a walled open-air sanctuary dedicated to Zeus Polieus (city protector) around 500 BC on the Acropolis of Athens, sited to the Erechtheion's east. None of its foundations have been discovered and its trapezoid plan and many entrances have been worked out from rock cuttings on the Acropolis.
The archaic joint temple built upon the spot that was identified as the Kekropion, the hero-grave of the mythic founder-king Cecrops [21] and the serpent that embodied his spirit was destroyed by the Persian forces in 480 BC, during the Greco-Persian wars, and was replaced between 421 and 407 BC by the present Erechtheum.
Map of ancient Attica. Trittyes belonging to the phyle of Erechtheis are numbered "1" and shaded brown. War memorial for men of the Erechtheis, 460–459 BC. The inscription reads: “Of the Erechteid Tribe, died at war in Cyprus, in Phoenicia, at Halieis, at Egina, at Megara, the same year.’
Dörpfeld Foundations Temple, south of the Erechtheion. Prior to the archaeological discoveries of the late 19th century, the existence of the archaic temple on the acropolis was known only from literary testimonia, and the few remains from the archaic buildings which have been visible continuously from antiquity to the present day—namely, the unfinished marble column drums and the poros ...
The Parthenon, on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece The Caryatid porch of the Erechtheion in Athens. Greek temples (Ancient Greek: ναός, romanized: nāós, lit. 'dwelling', semantically distinct from Latin templum, "temple") were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in ancient Greek religion.
The columns of the Erechtheion were also imitated in the Temple of Roma and Augustus on the Acropolis, built ca. 19 BC, where the imitations were enabled by repair work then being undertaken on the Erechtheion itself. The temple of Aphrodite Urania is likely only a little later in date.
The Pandroseion was a sanctuary dedicated to Pandrosos located on the north side of the Acropolis, just to the west of the Erechtheion, a sanctuary dedicated to Erechtheus. [6] It was an open-air precinct built in the shape of a quadrilateral, and its principal feature was Athena's sacred olive tree.