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Charles Matthews writes that there is a "large debate about what the Quran commands as regards the "sword verses" and the "peace verses". According to Matthews, "the question of the proper prioritization of these verses, and how they should be understood in relation to one another, has been a central issue for Islamic thinking about war."
In an Islamic context it can refer to spreading corruption on Earth or spreading mischief in a Muslim land, [2] moral corruption against God, [3] or disturbance of the public peace. [ 4 ] The spread of fasad is a major theme in the Quran, and the notion is often contrasted with islah (setting things aright). [ 5 ]
The Sword Verse (Arabic: آية السيف, romanized: ayat as-sayf) is the fifth verse of the ninth surah of the Quran [1] [2] (also written as 9:5). It is a Quranic verse widely cited by critics of Islam to suggest the faith promotes violence against pagans (polytheists, mushrikun) by isolating the portion of the verse "kill the polytheists wherever you find them, capture them".
[23] [24] [25] He believed that Islam does not have a monopoly on truth. [2] [26] [22]: 224 Apologetic writings, attributed to the philosopher Abd-Allah ibn al-Muqaffa (d. c. 756), include defenses of Manichaeism against Islam and critiques of the Islamic concept of God, characterizing the Quranic deity in highly critical terms.
Blasphemy in Islam is an impious utterance or action concerning God, Muhammad, or anything considered sacred in Islam. [ 136 ] [ 137 ] The Quran admonishes blasphemy, but does not specify any worldly punishment for it. [ 138 ]
He calls the concept of Islam highly offensive, and doubted that there is any connection of Islam with God: Had the God of the Quran been the Lord of all creatures, and been Merciful and kind to all, he would never have commanded the Muhammedans to slaughter men of other faiths, and animals, etc.
Islam highlights the awesome power of God and limits of human beings but does not portray humans as "inherently sinful or corrupt". [31] Social action and social consciousness also have a higher importance with the doctrine of man's vicegerency on earth [ 32 ] and the alms-tax of zakat elevated to a "pillar" of the religion.
Religious responses to the problem of evil are concerned with reconciling the existence of evil and suffering with an omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and omniscient God. [1] [2] The problem of evil is acute for monotheistic religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Judaism whose religion is based on such a God.