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The dirham was a unit of mass used across North Africa, the Middle East, Persia and Ifat; later known as Adal, with varying values. The value of Islamic dirham was 14 qirat. 10 dirham equals 7 mithqal (2.975 gm of silver). In the late Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: درهم), the standard dirham was 3.207 g; [1] 400 dirhem equal one oka.
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The same unit, pronounced okka (uqqa) in Turkish, was used in the Ottoman Empire until the early 20th century. The standard Istanbul okka equaled 128.3 g. The standard Istanbul okka equaled 128.3 g. The ouguiya , the currency of Mauritania , takes its name from the Hassaniya Arabic pronunciation of uqiyyah .
In 1524, the Ottoman law code of Egypt referred to the Mamluk Egyptian coin medin as pare and set its value as 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 dirham. Since 1640 the value of para was settled relative to Ottoman currency, at 3 akçe. In the 16th and 17th centuries pare were minted in many parts of the empire, in Asia and north Africa. [3]
The Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) establishing itself in 2013 as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (or the Levant), and then simply as the Islamic State in June 2014. [5] By 2015, it controlled a large amount of territory in both countries, declaring itself as a caliphate and planning to absorb other territories of the Muslim world.
During Ottoman times people from Luzon, Philippines were employed by the Turkish. [1] The nephew of the Ottoman Viceroy to Egypt, admiral Heredim Mafamede employed Lucoes in the war against the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean since they appointed one Lucoes named Sapetu Diraja as commander of the Muslim forces over in Aceh, Sumatra , [ 1 ] their ...
Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches (German: "History of the Ottoman Empire") is a work by the Austrian orientalist historian Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. It was written in 10 volumes between 1827 and 1835. The result of 30 years of work, it became the standard reference on the subject.
The Ottoman Empire and its client states in 1590 AD.Aftermath of the Treaty of Constantinople. The Treaty of Constantinople, also known as the Peace of Istanbul [1] [2] or the Treaty of Ferhad Pasha [3] (Turkish: Ferhat Paşa Antlaşması), was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire ending the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590.