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The definition of surface integral relies on splitting the surface into small surface elements. A surface integral generalizes double integrals to integration over a surface (which may be a curved set in space); it can be thought of as the double integral analog of the line integral.
Horizontal integration and vertical integration, in microeconomics and strategic management, styles of ownership and control; Regional integration, in which states cooperate through regional institutions and rules; Integration clause, a declaration that a contract is the final and complete understanding of the parties
Social integration is the process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host society. [ 1 ] Social integration, together with economic integration and identity integration, are three main dimensions of a newcomers' experiences in the society that is receiving them. [ 1 ]
The term "numerical integration" first appears in 1915 in the publication A Course in Interpolation and Numeric Integration for the Mathematical Laboratory by David Gibb. [2] "Quadrature" is a historical mathematical term that means calculating area. Quadrature problems have served as one of the main sources of mathematical analysis.
System integration is defined in engineering as the process of bringing together the component sub-systems into one system (an aggregation of subsystems cooperating so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality) and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system, [1] and in information technology [2] as the process of linking together different computing ...
Integration by parts is a heuristic rather than a purely mechanical process for solving integrals; given a single function to integrate, the typical strategy is to carefully separate this single function into a product of two functions u(x)v(x) such that the residual integral from the integration by parts formula is easier to evaluate than the ...
Multiple integration of a function in n variables: f(x 1, x 2, ..., x n) over a domain D is most commonly represented by nested integral signs in the reverse order of execution (the leftmost integral sign is computed last), followed by the function and integrand arguments in proper order (the integral with respect to the rightmost argument is ...
Data integration refers to the process of combining, sharing, or synchronizing data from multiple sources to provide users with a unified view. [1] There are a wide range of possible applications for data integration, from commercial (such as when a business merges multiple databases) to scientific (combining research data from different bioinformatics repositories).