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The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. [1] [2] The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy the basic principles stated for these different approaches.
David S. Moore received his A.B. from Princeton University and the Ph.D. from Cornell University in mathematics. [1]In statistics education, David S. Moore is the author of a series of influential textbooks in statistical science, which use only high school algebra: Introduction to the Practice of Statistics (with George McCabe), of An Introduction to the Basic Practice of Statistics, and of ...
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Statistics educators have cognitive and noncognitive goals for students. For example, former American Statistical Association (ASA) President Katherine Wallman defined statistical literacy as including the cognitive abilities of understanding and critically evaluating statistical results as well as appreciating the contributions statistical thinking can make.
In business, "statistics" is a widely used management-and decision support tool. It is particularly applied in financial management, marketing management, and production, services and operations management. [69] [70] Statistics is also heavily used in management accounting and auditing.
"The relationship between the data and what they describe merely reflects the fact that certain kinds of statistical statements may have truth values which are not invariant under some transformations. Whether or not a transformation is sensible to contemplate depends on the question one is trying to answer" (Hand, 2004, p. 82). [5]
Fisher's attack based on frequentist probability failed but was not without result. He identified a specific case (2×2 table) where the two schools of testing reached different results. This case is one of several that are still troubling. Commentators believe that the "right" answer is context-dependent. [14]
In statistical analysis, the rule of three states that if a certain event did not occur in a sample with n subjects, the interval from 0 to 3/ n is a 95% confidence interval for the rate of occurrences in the population. When n is greater than 30, this is a good approximation of results from more sensitive tests.