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Oxygen gas is the second most common component of the Earth's atmosphere, taking up 20.8% of its volume and 23.1% of its mass (some 10 15 tonnes). [18] [69] [d] Earth is unusual among the planets of the Solar System in having such a high concentration of oxygen gas in its atmosphere: Mars (with 0.1% O 2 by volume) and Venus have much less. The O
An oxide (/ ˈɒksaɪd /) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element [1] in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of –2) of oxygen, an O 2– ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides.
O. have also been characterized, all short-lived. The longest-lived radioisotope is 15. O. with a half-life of 122.266 (43) s, while the shortest-lived isotope is the unbound 11. O. with a half-life of 198 (12) yoctoseconds, though half-lives have not been measured for the unbound heavy isotopes 27. O. and 28.
Thus water behaves as though it is an ideal gas that is already under about 20,000 atmospheres (2 GPa) pressure, and explains why water is commonly assumed to be incompressible: when the external pressure changes from 1 atmosphere to 2 atmospheres (100 kPa to 200 kPa), the water behaves as an ideal gas would when changing from 20,001 to 20,002 ...
Geological history of oxygen. Before photosynthesis evolved, Earth's atmosphere had no free diatomic oxygen (O 2). [2] Small quantities of oxygen were released by geological [3] and biological processes, but did not build up in the atmosphere due to reactions with reducing minerals. Oxygen began building up in the atmosphere at approximately 1. ...
v. t. e. Real gases are nonideal gases whose molecules occupy space and have interactions; consequently, they do not adhere to the ideal gas law. To understand the behaviour of real gases, the following must be taken into account: compressibility effects; variable specific heat capacity; van der Waals forces; non-equilibrium thermodynamic effects;
Oxygen compounds. Water (H 2 O) is the most familiar oxygen compound. The oxidation state of oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of oxygen. The oxidation state −1 is found in a few compounds such as peroxides. Compounds containing oxygen in other oxidation states are very uncommon: − 1⁄2 (superoxides), − 1⁄3 (ozonides), 0 ...
Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules." [1] For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant. The law is named after Amedeo Avogadro who, in 1812, [2][3 ...