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Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes. The double bond of an alkene consists of a sigma (σ) bond and a pi (π) bond. Because the carbon-carbon π bond is relatively weak, it is quite reactive and can be easily broken and reagents can be added to carbon.
Addition of hydrogen to a carbon-carbon double bond to form an alkane is a reduction reaction that is also called catalytic hydrogenation. Hydrogenation of a double bond is a thermodynamically favorable reaction because it forms a more stable (lower energy) product.
identify the alkene, the reagents, or both, required to prepare a given alkane by catalytic hydrogenation. describe the mechanism of the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. explain the difference between a heterogeneous reaction and a homogeneous reaction.
An interesting feature of catalytic hydrogenation is that the reaction is extremely sensitive to the steric environment around the double bond. As a result, the catalyst usually approaches the more accessible face of an alkene, giving rise to a single product.
When alkenes react with hydrogen gas in the presence of a variety of metal catalysts, a hydrogen molecule will be added to the double bond in a way that each carbon atom bonds with one hydrogen atom. Such an addition reaction is called hydrogenation.
identify the alkene, the reagents, or both, required to prepare a given alkane by catalytic hydrogenation. describe the mechanism of the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. explain the difference between a heterogeneous reaction and a homogeneous reaction.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes With Pd, Pt, and Other Metals. Alkenes (and alkynes) will undergo addition of hydrogen (H 2) to C-C pi bonds in the presence of a metal catalyst in a reaction known as “ catalytic hydrogenation “.
The mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation of alkene involving gaseous reactants and products can be described in the following steps: Step 1: Diffusion of gases reactants, hydrogen, and alkene. Step 2: Adsorption of gaseous reactants to the metal surface. Step 3: Addition of hydrogen to the double bond.
Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation. Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface.
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains the concept of catalytic hydrogenation reactions of alkenes into alkenes. It discusses how the hydrogen breaks upon contact on a metal surface....