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Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N -formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and ...
Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA, usually mRNA. Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the result is ...
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) transformation is a laboratory technique in prokaryotic (bacterial) cell biology. [1] The addition of calcium chloride to a cell suspension promotes the binding of plasmid DNA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Positively charged calcium ions attract both the negatively charged DNA backbone and the negatively charged groups ...
Griffith's experiment, [1] performed by Frederick Griffith and reported in 1928, [2] was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation. [3][4] Griffith's findings were followed by research in the late 1930s and early 40s that isolated DNA as the material ...
The structure of the complex of sodium (Na +) and the antibiotic monensin A Structure of a potassium complex of a crown ether, a synthetic ionophore-ion complex. Biological activities of metal ion-binding compounds can be changed in response to the increment of the metal concentration, and based on the latter compounds can be classified as "metal ionophores", "metal chelators" or "metal ...
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. [1] An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer. [2] Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA ...
The process of initiation of translation in eukaryotes. Translation initiation is the process by which the ribosome and its associated factors bind to an mRNA and are assembled at the start codon. This process is defined as either cap-dependent, in which the ribosome binds initially at the 5' cap and then travels to the stop codon, or as cap ...
Genetics. In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time.