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  2. Extrapolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapolation

    The calculation time can be omitted compared with the original convolution calculation. Hence with this algorithm the calculations of a convolution using the extrapolated data is nearly not increased. This is referred as the fast extrapolation. The fast extrapolation has been applied to CT image reconstruction. [7]

  3. Hodrick–Prescott filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodrick–Prescott_filter

    A working paper by Robert J. Hodrick titled "An Exploration of Trend-Cycle Decomposition Methodologies in Simulated Data" [10] examines whether the proposed alternative approach of James D. Hamilton is actually better than the HP filter at extracting the cyclical component of several simulated time series calibrated to approximate U.S. real GDP ...

  4. Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulirsch–Stoer_algorithm

    In numerical analysis, the Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm is a method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations which combines three powerful ideas: Richardson extrapolation, the use of rational function extrapolation in Richardson-type applications, and the modified midpoint method, [1] to obtain numerical solutions to ordinary ...

  5. Exponential smoothing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_smoothing

    Exponential smoothing or exponential moving average (EMA) is a rule of thumb technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function.Whereas in the simple moving average the past observations are weighted equally, exponential functions are used to assign exponentially decreasing weights over time.

  6. Maximum entropy spectral estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_entropy_spectral...

    Maximum entropy spectral estimation is a method of spectral density estimation.The goal is to improve the spectral quality based on the principle of maximum entropy.The method is based on choosing the spectrum which corresponds to the most random or the most unpredictable time series whose autocorrelation function agrees with the known values.

  7. Richardson extrapolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_extrapolation

    An example of Richardson extrapolation method in two dimensions. In numerical analysis, Richardson extrapolation is a sequence acceleration method used to improve the rate of convergence of a sequence of estimates of some value = ().

  8. Decomposition of time series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decomposition_of_time_series

    This is an important technique for all types of time series analysis, especially for seasonal adjustment. [2] It seeks to construct, from an observed time series, a number of component series (that could be used to reconstruct the original by additions or multiplications) where each of these has a certain characteristic or type of behavior.

  9. Error correction model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_model

    Suppose, consumption and disposable income are macroeconomic time series that are related in the long run (see Permanent income hypothesis). Specifically, let average propensity to consume be 90%, that is, in the long run C t = 0.9 Y t {\displaystyle C_{t}=0.9Y_{t}} .