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Paper Coating 1) The paper or board 2) The first layer of coating to even out the surface 3) A second layer for an even smoother and whiter surface. Pigments that absorb in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum can be added. As the dye absorbs light, the brightness of the paper will decrease, unlike the effect of an optical ...
Stop bath is an acidic solution used for processing black-and-white photographic films, plates, and paper. It is used to neutralize the alkaline developer, thus halting development. [1] Stop bath is commonly a 2% dilution of acetic acid in water, though a 2.5% solution of potassium or sodium metabisulfite works just as well. [1]
A weak acid cannot always be neutralized by a weak base, and vice versa. However, for the neutralization of benzoic acid (K a,A = 6.5 × 10 −5) with ammonia (K a,B = 5.6 × 10 −10 for ammonium), K = 1.2 × 10 5 >> 1, and more than 99% of the benzoic acid is converted to benzoate.
¼ teaspoon dish soap. One cup water. Optional: 4-6 drops of essential oil Combine water and liquid dish soap into a spray bottle, along with a 4-6 drops of your favorite essential oil, and shake ...
neutralize acidic paper and add an alkaline reserve. produce a pH value between 6.8 and 10.4 that is evenly distributed throughout the book. should not cause any damage to adhesives, inks, or dyes. should not cause an odor or any change in the color of the paper. should not cause loss of pliancy or mechanical strength. [9]
A full roll of toilet paper Toilet roll and toilet roll holder; the paperboard center of a spent roll is visible on the holder.. Toilet paper (sometimes called toilet/bath/bathroom tissue, or toilet roll) [1] is a tissue paper product primarily used to clean the anus and surrounding region of feces (after defecation), and to clean the external genitalia and perineal area of urine (after ...
Two capsules of smelling salts from a first-aid kit. A thin inner glass tube contains alcohol and ammonia; the outer layer is cotton and netting. When crushed, the liquid is released into the cotton, while the glass shards are retained inside. The ammonia-soaked cotton is waved in front of the nose for the treatment of fainting.
Homemade iron gall ink in use, displaying the delayed darkening of the ink Ink corrosion: iron gall ink causes paper and parchment to disintegrate. By mixing tannin with iron sulfate, a water-soluble ferrous tannate complex is formed. Because of its solubility, the ink is able to penetrate the paper surface, making it difficult to erase.