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Head CT showing periventricular white matter lesions. Leukoaraiosis is a particular abnormal change in appearance of white matter near the lateral ventricles. It is often seen in aged individuals, but sometimes in young adults. [1] [2] On MRI, leukoaraiosis changes appear as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in T2 FLAIR images.
For example, deep white matter hyperintensities are 2.5 to 3 times more likely to occur in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder than control subjects. [3] [4] WMH volume, calculated as a potential diagnostic measure, has been shown to correlate to certain cognitive factors. [5]
White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons). This myelin is found in almost all long nerve fibers, and acts as an electrical insulation.
Others classify them as hippocampal, cortical, and WM lesions, [23] and finally, others give seven areas: intracortical, mixed white matter-gray matter, juxtacortical, deep gray matter, periventricular white matter, deep white matter, and infratentorial lesions. [24] The distribution of the lesions could be linked to the clinical evolution [25]
One such example is the Marburg variant of MS, which is classically characterized by extensive necrotic and/or tumefactive lesions with mass effect. Despite recent (and increasing) emphasis on early detection of patients with aggressive MS, the original definition of MMS was not modified by the NMSS Advisory Committee in its latest publication ...
Brain MRI of a patient with late-onset LAMA2-MD showing white matter abnormalities (hyperintensities) in T2. Abnormal white matter signals in Brain MRI is a near-universal sign in patients with LAMA2-MD. These white matter abnormalities appear as hyperintense signals on T2-weighted and FLAIR brain MRI images especially in locations that are ...
The gray matter remains normal in all characteristics while the white matter changes texture, becoming soft and gelatinous. Rarefaction of the white matter is seen through light microscopy and the small number of axons and U-fibers that were affected can also be seen. Numerous small cavities in the white matter are also apparent.
The presence of incidental MRI findings in the CNS white matter: Ovoid and well-circumscribed homogeneous foci, with or without involvement of the corpus callosum; T2 hyperintensities larger than 3 mm in diameter, which fulfill at least 3 of the 4 Barkhof MRI criteria [7] for DIS; The CNS abnormalities are not consistent with a vascular condition