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Comet C/1980 E1 has the largest eccentricity of any known hyperbolic comet of solar origin with an eccentricity of 1.057, [10] and will eventually leave the Solar System. ʻOumuamua is the first interstellar object to be found passing through the Solar System. Its orbital eccentricity of 1.20 indicates that ʻOumuamua has never been ...
The eccentricity of an ellipse is strictly less than 1. When circles (which have eccentricity 0) are counted as ellipses, the eccentricity of an ellipse is greater than or equal to 0; if circles are given a special category and are excluded from the category of ellipses, then the eccentricity of an ellipse is strictly greater than 0.
With eccentricity just over 1 the hyperbola is a sharp "v" shape. At = the asymptotes are at right angles. With > the asymptotes are more than 120° apart, and the periapsis distance is greater than the semi major axis. As eccentricity increases further the motion approaches a straight line.
An e greater than 1 will be hyperbolic and still be unbound to the Solar System. Although it describes how "unbound" an object's orbit is, eccentricity does not necessarily reflect how high an incoming velocity said object had before entering the Solar System (a parameter known as V infinity, or V inf).
Note that non-elliptic trajectories also exist, but are not closed, and are thus not orbits. If the eccentricity is greater than one, the trajectory is a hyperbola. If the eccentricity is equal to one, the trajectory is a parabola. Regardless of eccentricity, the orbit degenerates to a radial trajectory if the angular momentum equals zero.
Radial orbit: An orbit with zero angular momentum and eccentricity equal to 1. The two objects move directly towards or away from each other in a straight-line. Radial elliptic orbit: A closed elliptic orbit where the object is moving at less than the escape velocity. This is an elliptic orbit with semi-minor axis = 0 and eccentricity = 1 ...
Once the circular orbital velocity is known, ... If the eccentricity equals 1, then the orbit equation becomes: ... of a hyperbolic trajectory is greater than zero ...
Conversely, if the energy is positive (unbound orbits, also called "scattered orbits" [1]), the eccentricity is greater than one and the orbit is a hyperbola. [1] Finally, if the energy is exactly zero, the eccentricity is one and the orbit is a parabola. [1]