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Humans are not alone in suffering from lead's effects; plants and animals are also affected by lead toxicity to varying degrees depending on species. [133] Animals experience many of the same effects of lead exposure as humans do, such as abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy, and behavioral changes such as increased aggression. [57]
The name multiple chemical sensitivity has been criticized, partly because MCS is not a sensitivity in the allergic or immunological meaning of that word. [5] Being more sensitive than average to some chemical exposures (e.g., secondhand smoke) is fairly common. [5] MCS is generally used to refer to more significant disability.
Methanol has a moderate to high toxicity in humans. As little as 10 mL of pure methanol when drunk is metabolized into formic acid , which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve . 15 mL is potentially fatal, [ 1 ] although the median lethal dose is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure ...
Chemical hazards are usually classified separately from biological hazards (biohazards). Chemical hazards are classified into groups that include asphyxiants, corrosives, irritants, sensitizers, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, reactants, and flammables. [1] In the workplace, exposure to chemical hazards is a type of occupational hazard.
Cyanide is a broad-spectrum poison because the reaction it inhibits is essential to aerobic metabolism; COX is found in many forms of life. [28] However, susceptibility to cyanide is far from uniform across affected species; for instance, plants have an alternative electron transfer pathway available that passes electrons directly from ...
Arsenic is a ubiquitous naturally occurring chemical element, and the 20th most common element on Earth. [13] Arsenic levels in the groundwater vary from around 0.5 parts per billion to 5000 parts per billion, depending on an area's geologic features, and possible presence on industrial waste.
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. [1] When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.
The lipid peroxidation mechanism shows a single radical initiating a chain reaction which converts unsaturated lipids to lipid peroxides. The biochemical basis for the toxicity of oxygen is the partial reduction of oxygen by one or two electrons to form reactive oxygen species, [ 56 ] which are natural by-products of the normal metabolism of ...