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(2) The power of the state serves all citizens and can be only applied in cases, under limitations and through uses specified by a law. (3) Every citizen can do anything that is not forbidden by the law, and no one can be forced to do anything that is not required by a law. The same principles are reiterated in the Czech Bill of Rights, Article 2.
The final version was adopted as title 17 of the United States Code on October 19, 1976, when President Gerald Ford signed it into law. The law went into effect on January 1, 1978. At the time, the law was considered to be a fair compromise between publishers' and authors' rights. [citation needed]
American University's infojustice.org published a compilation of portions of over 40 nations' laws that explicitly mention fair use or fair dealing, and asserts that some of the fair dealing laws, such as Canada's, have evolved (such as through judicial precedents) to be quite close to those of the United States.
The citizens are the authors of the law, and therefore its owners, regardless of who actually drafts the provisions, because the law derives its authority from the consent of the public, expressed through the democratic process. [21] Three key Supreme Court cases established this government edicts doctrine: Wheaton v. Peters (1834), Banks v
The concept of positive law is related to the concept of legal rights. Natural law first appeared in ancient Greek philosophy , [ 2 ] and was referred to by Roman philosopher Cicero . It was subsequently alluded to in the Bible, [ 3 ] and then developed in the Middle Ages by Catholic philosophers such as Albert the Great , his pupil Thomas ...
Under current Australian law, although it is still a breach of copyright to copy, reproduce or adapt copyright material for personal or private use without permission from the copyright owner, owners of a legitimate copy are permitted to "format shift" that work from one medium to another for personal, private use, or to "time shift" a ...
The concept of personal jurisdiction in English law has its origin [when?] in the idea that a monarch could not exercise power over persons or property located outside of his or her kingdom. [1] To some degree, this was a de facto rule; the monarch's men could not arrest people or seize property outside the kingdom without risking physical ...
The law applies to institutions receiving U.S. Department of Education funds and provides privacy rights to students 18 years or older, or those in post-secondary institutions. Disclosure is permitted to parents of dependent students, and medical records are usually protected under FERPA rather than HIPAA. The law has faced criticism for ...