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[112] [113] [11] The Houthis aim to govern all of Yemen and support external movements against the United States, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. [96] Because of the Houthis' ideological background, the conflict in Yemen is widely seen as a front of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy war. [97]
The Houthi takeover in Yemen, also known by the Houthis as the September 21 Revolution, [7] or 2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état (by opponents), [8] was a popular revolution against Yemeni President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi led by the Houthis and their supporters that pushed the Yemeni government from power.
Newly opened smuggling routes between Iran and Yemen greatly limited the costs and risks involved in Iran's provision of materiel support to the Houthis. [8] Between 2011, when the revolt against the government began, [9] and 2014, when the government was overthrown, [9] Iranian support of the Houthis was fairly limited. [8]
The Houthi insurgency, [41] [42] also known as the Houthi rebellion, the Sa'dah Wars, or the Sa'dah conflict, was a military rebellion pitting Zaidi Shia Houthis (though the movement also includes Sunnis [43]) against the Yemeni military that began in Northern Yemen and has since escalated into a full-scale civil war.
The Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict is an ongoing armed conflict between the Royal Saudi Armed Forces and Iran-backed Yemeni Houthi forces that has been taking place in the Arabian Peninsula, including the southern Saudi regions of Asir, Jizan, and Najran, and northern Yemeni governorates of Saada, Al Jawf, and Hajjah, since the onset of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen in 2015.
Tribes and Politics in Yemen: A History of the Houthi Conflict. Oxford University Press. Caton, S. C. (2005). Yemen Chronicle: An Anthropology of War and Mediation. Hill and Wang. Clark, V. (2010). Yemen: Dancing on the Heads of Snakes. Yale University Press. Dresch, P. (2001). A History of Modern Yemen. Cambridge University Press.
Iran and Yemen have had cordial, if tepid, relations since the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Ties between the Saudi-backed Yemeni government in Aden, however, have been damaged in recent years by Iran's support for the rival Yemeni government in Sanaa linked to the Houthi movement.
Al-Houthi was born in Saada Governorate, Yemen Arab Republic, into the Houthi tribe on 22 May 1979. [2] [3] He is a Zaydi Shia Muslim.His father, Badreddin al-Houthi, was a religious scholar of Yemen's minority Zaydi sect. Abdul-Malik is the youngest among his eight brothers. [4]