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Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This therapeutic approach emerged at the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively replaced by the use of antibiotics in most parts of the world after the Second World War .
In July 2007, the same bacteriophage were approved for use on all food products. [37] In 2011 USDA confirmed that LISTEX is a clean label processing aid and is included in USDA. [38] Research in the field of food safety is continuing to see if lytic phages are a viable option to control other food-borne pathogens in various food products. [39]
Phage therapy is the method by which bacteriophages (viruses which infect bacteria) are used to treat bacterial infections or reduce bacterial populations. Phage therapy has gained recent attention in the United States as an alternative to standard antibiotic therapy.
A bacteriophage, or phage for short, is a virus that can infect bacteria and archaea, and can replicate inside of them. Phages make up the majority of most viromes and are currently understood as being the most abundant organism. [5] Oftentimes scientists will look only at a phageome instead of a virome while conducting research.
Generalized transduction is a rare event and occurs on the order of 1 phage in 11,000. [citation needed] The new virus capsule that contains part bacterial DNA then infects another bacterial cell. When the bacterial DNA packaged into the virus is inserted into the recipient cell three things can happen to it: [citation needed] [5]
A more detailed account of the use of phage in major biological discoveries can be found on the page, bacteriophage. As one of the earliest applied microbiologists, d'Hérelle's microbe-centered worldview has been noted for its prescience, since microbes are playing increasingly important roles in bioremediation , microbial fuel cells , gene ...
Research Styles in Virus Studies in the Twentieth Century: Controversies and the Formation of Consensus. Doctoral Thesis, University of Limburg. (note that though this is a thesis, it is of sufficient general interest toward addressing issues in the history of bacteriophagy as to warrant inclusion in this list)
Bacteriophage T12, proposed member of family Siphoviridae including related speA-carrying bacteriophages, is also a prototypic phage for all the speA-carrying phages of Streptococcus pyogenes, meaning that its genome is the prototype for the genomes of all such phages of S. pyogenes. [6]