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A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]
A bar of carbolic soap A puck of shaving soap in a ceramic bowl In chemistry , a soap is a salt of a fatty acid . [ 2 ] Household uses for soaps include washing , bathing , and other types of housekeeping , where soaps act as surfactants , emulsifying oils to enable them to be carried away by water.
Soap scum or lime soap is the white solid composed of calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and similar alkaline earth metal derivatives of fatty acids. These materials result from the addition of soap and other anionic surfactants to hard water .
Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats. The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate ...
Bar of carbolic soap, demonstrating the rich red colour that gives the soap its alternative name, red soap. Carbolic soap, sometimes referred to as red soap, is a mildly antiseptic soap containing carbolic acid (phenol) and/or cresylic acid (cresol), both of which are phenols derived from either coal tar or petroleum sources.
Glycerin soap can also be produced without remelting soap through directly cooking raw home-made soap. [3] Modern clear glycerin soaps bases are produced by combining various glycerol and polyols with soap and other surfactants in a manner similar to traditional glycerin soap-making methods. These modern clear soaps have the benefit of being ...
The meltable base is usually naturally rich in glycerine, a by-product of saponification that has humectant and emollient properties, whereas commercial soap bars have often had this component removed. As with the rebatching method, it can be considered a misnomer to refer to the melt and pour process as soap making. The process has much in ...
A near- emptied dispenser of Reeva liquid soap marketed as "Antibacterial" with the active ingredient chloroxylenol, typically for the use of cleaning dishes and hands in kitchens. Antibacterial soap is a soap which contains chemical ingredients that purportedly assist in killing bacteria. [ 1 ]