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Sensitivity and specificity values alone may be highly misleading. The 'worst-case' sensitivity or specificity must be calculated in order to avoid reliance on experiments with few results. For example, a particular test may easily show 100% sensitivity if tested against the gold standard four times, but a single additional test against the ...
Precision and recall are then defined as: [12] = + = + Recall in this context is also referred to as the true positive rate or sensitivity, and precision is also referred to as positive predictive value (PPV); other related measures used in classification include true negative rate and accuracy. [12]
is the sensitivity; is the specificity; is disease prevalence; Of note, the denominator of the above equation is the natural logarithm of the positive likelihood ratio (LR+). Also, note that a critical assumption is that the tests must be independent.
In evidence-based medicine, likelihood ratios are used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test.They use the sensitivity and specificity of the test to determine whether a test result usefully changes the probability that a condition (such as a disease state) exists.
The log diagnostic odds ratio can also be used to study the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity [5] [6] by expressing the log diagnostic odds ratio in terms of the logit of the true positive rate (sensitivity) and false positive rate (1 − specificity), and by additionally constructing a measure, :
Youden's J statistic is = + = + with the two right-hand quantities being sensitivity and specificity.Thus the expanded formula is: = + + + = (+) (+) In this equation, TP is the number of true positives, TN the number of true negatives, FP the number of false positives and FN the number of false negatives.
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Sensitivity (physiology), the ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli Sensory processing sensitivity, a personality trait in humans; Sensitivity and specificity, statistical measures of the performance of binary classification tests; Allergic sensitivity, the strength of a reaction to an allergen