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In the 1970s, 34-watt energy-saving F40T12 fluorescent lamps were intoroduced in the United States. In the 1980s, T8 32-watt lamps were introduced, [8] but unlike the T8 tubes introduced in Europe, these T8s are not retrofits and require new matching ballasts to drive them. These ballasts were originally magnetic, but most today are electronic.
The device was 10 by 15 inches (25 by 38 cm), contained 5 incandescent light bulbs, and the grid was 1 ⁄ 16-inch (1.59 mm) wires spaced 1 ⁄ 8-inch (3.17 mm) apart with a voltage of 450 volts. Users were supposed to bait the interior with meat.
This example is a 71-inch, bi-pin, 100 watt model, the most common. Inside a preheat, bi-pin tanning lamp A high-pressure tanning lamp under power Tanning lamps (sometimes called tanning bulbs in the United States or tanning tubes in Europe) are the part of a tanning bed, booth or other tanning device which produces ultraviolet light used for ...
HID lamps are used in high-performance bicycle headlamps, as well as flashlights and other portable lights, because they produce a great amount of light per unit of power. As the HID lights use less than half the power of an equivalent tungsten-halogen light, a significantly smaller and lighter-weight power supply can be used.
As a result, metal-halide lamps have high luminous efficacy of around 75–100 lumens per watt, [2] which is about twice that of mercury vapor lights and 3 to 5 times that of incandescent lights [1] and produce an intense white light. Lamp life is 6,000 to 15,000 hours.
For example, a 100-watt, 1000 hour, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt. A similar lamp designed for 230 V would produce only around 12.8 lumens per watt, and one designed for 30 volts (train lighting) would produce as much as 19.8 lumens per watt. [76] Lower voltage lamps have a thicker filament, for the same power rating.
According to an August 2009 newspaper report, some manufacturers claimed that CFLs could be used to replace higher-power incandescent lamps than justified by their light output. [51] Equivalent wattage claims can be replaced by comparison of actual light output emitted by the lamp, which is measured in lumens and marked on the packaging. [52]
A 175-watt mercury-vapor light approximately 15 seconds after starting.A closeup of a 175-W mercury-vapor lamp.The small diagonal cylinder at the bottom of the arc tube is a resistor which supplies current to the starter electrode.