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  2. Barycenter (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycenter_(astronomy)

    m 2 is the mass of the secondary in Earth masses (M E) a (km) is the average orbital distance between the centers of the two bodies; r 1 (km) is the distance from the center of the primary to the barycenter; R 1 (km) is the radius of the primary ⁠ r 1 / R 1 ⁠ a value less than one means the barycenter lies inside the primary

  3. Center of mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass

    This toy uses the principles of center of mass to keep balance when sitting on a finger. In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero.

  4. Barycentric coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_coordinate_system

    The barycentric coordinates of a point can be interpreted as masses placed at the vertices of the simplex, such that the point is the center of mass (or barycenter) of these masses. These masses can be zero or negative; they are all positive if and only if the point is inside the simplex.

  5. Centroid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroid

    In geometry, one often assumes uniform mass density, in which case the barycenter or center of mass coincides with the centroid. Informally, it can be understood as the point at which a cutout of the shape (with uniformly distributed mass) could be perfectly balanced on the tip of a pin. [2]

  6. Observable universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe

    The density of ordinary matter, as measured by Planck, is 4.8% of the total critical density or 4.08 × 10 −28 kg/m 3. To convert this density to mass we must multiply by volume, a value based on the radius of the "observable universe".

  7. Two-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-body_problem

    where μ is the reduced mass and r is the relative position r 2 − r 1 (with these written taking the center of mass as the origin, and thus both parallel to r) the rate of change of the angular momentum L equals the net torque N = = ˙ ˙ + ¨ , and using the property of the vector cross product that v × w = 0 for any vectors v and w ...

  8. Barycentric and geocentric celestial reference systems

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_and_geocentric...

    Its center of coordinates as the center of mass of the entire Solar System, its barycenter. It was created in 2000 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to be the global standard reference system for objects located outside the gravitational vicinity of Earth : [ 1 ] planets, moons, and other Solar System bodies, stars and other objects ...

  9. Area density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density

    A special type of area density is called column density (also columnar mass density or simply column density), denoted ρ A or σ. It is the mass of substance per unit area integrated along a path; [ 1 ] It is obtained integrating volumetric density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } over a column: [ 2 ] σ = ∫ ρ d s . {\displaystyle \sigma =\int \rho ...