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The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.
Only about 4 million people remained in Poland after the Second Partition which makes for a loss of another third of its original population, about a half of the remaining population. [15] By the Third Partition, Prussia ended up with about 23% of the Commonwealth's population, Austria with 32%, and Russia with 45%. [16]
In the First Partition, the Austrian Empire received the largest share of the Polish population, and second largest land share (83,000 km 2 and over 2.65 million people). Austria did not participate in the Second partition. In the Third Partition, Austria annexed 47,000 km 2 of territories with 1.2 million people
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The first 20th-century incarnation of Poland, the Second Polish Republic, occupied 389,720 km 2 (150,470 sq mi), while, since 1945, a more westerly Poland covered 312,677 km 2 (120,725 sq mi). [ 5 ] The Poles are the most numerous of the West Slavs and occupy what some believe to be the original homeland of the Slavic peoples .
The Russian-allied confederation took over the government, but Russia and Prussia in 1793 arranged for the Second Partition of Poland anyway. The partition left the country with a critically reduced territory that rendered it essentially incapable of an independent existence.
New Castle in Grodno, where the Grodno Sejm took place. The Second Partition (1793) 18 new voivodeships of the partitioned Commonwealth created by Grodno Sejm Grodno Sejm (Polish: Sejm grodzieński; Lithuanian: Gardino seimas) was the last Sejm (session of parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The Second and Third Partitions of Poland (1793, 1795) ultimately ended Poland's sovereign existence until the close of World War I in 1918. Over those 123 years, the 1791 Constitution helped keep alive Polish aspirations for the eventual restoration of the country's sovereignty.