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The courts of common pleas are the trial courts of general jurisdiction in the state. They are the only trial courts created by the Ohio Constitution (in Article IV, Section 1). The duties of the courts are outlined in Article IV, Section 4. Each of Ohio's 88 counties has a court of common pleas.
The first municipal court was created in 1910, and county courts were created in 1957 as a replacement for justice courts. In 2014, there were 129 municipal courts and 35 county courts. [ 2 ] They are created by the General Assembly as provided in R.C. 1901 and 1907, and are limited by subject-matter jurisdiction .
The intermediate-level courts are the Ohio district courts of appeals. [3] Twelve courts of appeals exist, each retaining jurisdiction over appeals from common pleas, municipal, and county courts in a set geographical area. [4] A case heard in this system is decided by a three-judge panel, and each judge is elected. [4]
State agencies promulgate rules and regulations (sometimes called administrative law) in the Register of Ohio, which are in turn codified in the Ohio Administrative Code (OAC). Ohio's legal system is based on common law , which is interpreted by case law through the decisions of the Supreme Court, District Courts of Appeals, and trial courts ...
Ohio Court of Claims [3] Ohio Courts of Common Pleas [4] Ohio Municipal Courts [4] Ohio County Courts [4] Ohio Mayor's Courts; Federal courts located in this state. United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (headquartered in Cincinnati, having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee)
Cuyahoga County was established in 1807 with the county seat still in the air. The county decided to place the temporary county seat in the largest settlement of Cleveland. The courts met in various taverns and inns around town while waiting for the courthouse to be built. This first courthouse was designed and built by Levi Johnson.
Clerk of the court of common pleas [9] County prosecutor: [10] Responsible for acting on behalf of the state in criminal matters and also acts as the county government's legal counsel. In rural areas, the elected prosecutor may choose to take a reduced salary and act as a "part-time" prosecutor.
The only remaining courts retaining the name "court of common pleas" are therefore in the United States: the Courts of Common Pleas of Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Delaware. Of these, the first two are superior trial courts of general jurisdiction , the third is the civil division of the superior trial court of general jurisdiction ...