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The larvae are black with orange spots arranged in lines down the whole body. Their head's prothoracic shield, and the anal plate, are one color, either green or orange with small black dots. [3] A tail-like spine protruding from the back of the body is a typical for sphingid moth caterpillars, known as “hornworms”. [2]
Even the palest C. croceus tends to have more black on the upperside, however, in particular on the hindwings. Young caterpillars are yellow-green with a black head. Later they become completely dark green, with a white red-spotted lateral line after the third moult. The pupae are green and have a yellow side stripe. [11]
Pieris rapae is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae.It is known in Europe as the small white, in North America as the cabbage white or cabbage butterfly, [note 1] on several continents as the small cabbage white, and in New Zealand as the white butterfly. [2]
Once the egg hatches, a caterpillar emerges that is yellow to greenish, striped on sides, with black dots in rows across the back. The host plant may be sensitive peas (Chamaecrista), [7] sennas (Senna), [8] clovers (Trifolium), or other legumes (Fabaceae). The caterpillar will usually grow to a length between 41 and 45 mm (1.6 and 1.8 in).
Adults feed on flower nectar, rotting fruit, dead animals, and bat dung. Females lay eggs on the new leaves of plants in the family Acanthaceae, especially Ruellia. The larvae are horned, spiny, black caterpillars with red markings, The pupal stage is green, with sharp, gold spines that can puncture predators.
There is an orange speck at the base. Two pink and black lunules run towards the inner margin. Orbicular is yellow with a ring mark. Reniform yellowish. Large orange blotches are found at the apex and outer angle. Hindwings fuscous. [4] The caterpillar is smooth and purple black. Series of white spots on dorsal, lateral, and sublateral areas.
The caterpillar is green and well camouflaged. When full grown it is green above with black warts, from which arise whitish and blackish hairs. There is a darker line along the back and a yellow line low down on the sides. Underneath the colour is whitish-grey.
It has a granulose body with small, white spots and a white horn projecting from its posterior. [5] As a caterpillar, H. thysbe feeds on cherry trees, European cranberry bush, hawthorns, dogbane, honeysuckle, and snowberry. [4] It burrows into the soil to overwinter as a brown, hard-shelled pupa. In the late spring, it emerges as an adult moth.