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As in adult intensive-care units, the use of monitoring and life-support systems became routine. These needed special modification for small babies, whose bodies were tiny and often immature. Adult ventilators, for example, could damage babies' lungs and gentler techniques with smaller pressure changes were devised.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, [1] [2] is an alloimmune condition that develops in a fetus at or around birth, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of antibodies) produced by the mother pass through the placenta.
With the support of neonatal intensive care units, the limit of viability in the developed world has declined since the 1960s. [33] [34] As of the mid-2000s, the limit of viability is considered to be around 24 weeks, although the incidence of major disabilities remains high at this point.
A neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP) is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) with at least 2 years experience as a bedside registered nurse in a Level III NICU, who is prepared to practice across the continuum, providing primary, acute, chronic, and critical care to neonates, infants, and toddlers through age 2. Primarily working in ...
Newborn screening programs initially used screening criteria based largely on criteria established by JMG Wilson and F. Jungner in 1968. [6] Although not specifically about newborn population screening programs, their publication, Principles and practice of screening for disease proposed ten criteria that screening programs should meet before being used as a public health measure.
Infections can be fatal and contribute to long-term morbidity and disability among the infants who survive into childhood. [55] Neonatal sepsis effects 128 cases per 1000 live births. Meningitis can occur in the septic infant. [30] Expectant mothers with HSV have a 75% chance of at least one flare-up during their pregnancy. [41]
Overall, the relative incidence of neonatal encephalopathy is estimated to be between 2 and 9 per 1000 term births. [6] 40% to 60% of affected infants die by 2 years old or have severe disabilities. [15] In 2013 it was estimated to have resulted in 644,000 deaths down from 874,000 deaths in 1990. [20]
The National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN) is a professional organization for neonatal nurses in the United States. NANN was founded in 1984 by five neonatal nurses: Patricia Johnson, Linda Bellig, Tracy Karp, Charles Rait and Donna Lee Loper. Within one year, the association boasted a membership of 3,790. [1]