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Wind tunnel testing of automobiles began in the 1920s, [32] on cars such as the Rumpler Tropfenwagen, and the Chrysler Airflow. Initially, scale models were tested, then larger wind tunnels were built to test full-scale cars with the capability to measure aerodynamic drag which enables improvements to be made for reducing fuel consumption.
Low Speed Wind Tunnel 1.15 m (3 ft 9 in) by 0.95 m (3 ft 1 in) Flow Visualisation Wind Tunnel 0.90 m (2 ft 11 in) by 0.90 m (2 ft 11 in) United Kingdom University of Manchester [17] Operational Hypersonic wind tunnel 6 in (150 mm) diameter Trisonic wind tunnel 0.15 m (5.9 in) by 0.3 m (1 ft 0 in)
The low-speed wind tunnel is a closed-circuit, continuous flow tunnel with a 100 hp, variable frequency drive. The test section measures 0.6 by 0.9 meters and is capable of flow velocities up to 50 m/s. It is equipped with 3 and 6 component force balances and a PC-based multiplexed data acquisition system. Smoke visualization is also available.
AEDC Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel 9 is a hypersonic wind tunnel owned by the United States Air Force and operated by National Aerospace Solutions The facility can generate high Mach numbers and high Reynolds for hypersonic ground testing and the validation of computational simulations for the Air Force and Department of Defense.
Standard models are used in order to verify, by comparison of wind tunnel test results with previously published results, the complete measurement chain in a wind tunnel, including wind tunnel structure, quality of the airstream, model positioning, transducers and force balances, data acquisition system and data reduction software. [2] [3]
The AEDC Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit started out as a vitiated air heater (VAH) conducting over 275 experiments for the development of many different aerodynamic and aerothermal systems. Upgrades to the facility started in 2002 in order to provide ground-test capability for supersonic and hypersonic systems up to flight speeds of Mach 8.
Special surfaces (Cobblestones, corrugations, Belgian blocks, etc.), Low speed track, High speed ride and handling course, Sealed and unsealed gradients, Sealed and unsealed skid pans, Salt/mud bath, Environmental exposure area, Crash test site, Climatic test chambers, Anechoic dyno chamber, High speed wind tunnel, Emissions testing laboratory.
16S is a supersonic wind tunnel that can be configured for Mach numbers from 1.5 to 4.750. The test section is also 16-foot-square and 40-foot long. The facility can simulate unit Reynolds numbers from approximately 0.1 to 2.4 million per foot or altitude conditions from 43,000 to 154,000 feet.