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Pancytopenia is a medical condition in which there is significant reduction in the number of almost all blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes, etc.). If only two parameters from the complete blood count are low, the term bicytopenia can be used. The diagnostic approach is the same as for pancytopenia.
Pancytopenia – when all three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are all deficient. This is a life-threatening disorder that is a characteristic of aplastic anemia .
If pancytopenia is present, bone marrow failure [4] must be considered and evaluation for bone marrow failure syndromes or aplastic anemia must be pursued. Treatment is dependent on the etiology and may include replacement of blood products as patients can develop severe anemia.
Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome, also known as myelocerebellar dysfunction, was first described by Frederick Pei Li in 1978. The father and all five of his children developed ataxia and hematologic cytopenias of varying severity during their first to third decades of life.
In aplastic anemia, the patient has pancytopenia (i.e., also leukopenia and thrombocytopenia) resulting in a decrease of all formed elements. In contrast, pure red cell aplasia is characterized by a reduction in red cells only. The diagnosis can only be confirmed with a bone marrow examination.
Type I-CAMT is more severe and is characterized by low platelet counts and an early progression of bone marrow aplasia associated with pancytopenia. [ 1 ] The second type of Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia is milder and presents with a transient increase of platelet counts during the first year of life.
Anemia (also spelled anaemia in British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function.
Megaloblastic anemias represent a type of macrocytic anemia characterized by certain morphologic abnormalities noted on a peripheral blood smear examination. These abnormalities include the presence of enlarged oval shaped red blood cells (macroovalocytes) and hypersegmented neutrophils (defined as a neutrophil with six or more lobes). [1]