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The leaves of the buffalo gourd are typically entire and heart-shaped with a base of 10–13 cm (4–5 in) and length of 20–25 cm (8–10 in). The flowers are borne singly at the nodes of the vines after a certain amount of annual vegetative growth has taken place. [5] The fruit has a diameter of 7–10 cm (3–4 in). [12]
Male flowers grow on long spikes, while female flowers grow alone in leaf axils. The trunk is covered in long, sharp spikes that secrete poisonous sap . The sandbox tree's fruits are large, pumpkin -shaped capsules , 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, 5–8 cm (2–3 in) diameter, with 16 carpels arranged radially.
Ethylene promotes the production of female flowers. When a plant already has a fruit developing, subsequent female flowers on the plant are less likely to mature, a phenomenon called "first-fruit dominance", [23] and male flowers are more frequent, an effect that appears due to reduced natural ethylene production within the plant stem. [25]
Maclura pomifera, commonly known as the Osage orange (/ ˈ oʊ s eɪ dʒ / OH-sayj), is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, native to the south-central United States.It typically grows about 8 to 15 metres (30–50 ft) tall.
The space between two plants is 36–60 inches (91.44 – 152.4 cm). [7] One to two years are necessary before they begin bearing. Each flower has a very short life (about one day). Then the fruit develops in two to three months. [8] The harvest depends on vine size and age of the plant but one reported 10–20 fruits per vine.
Callicarpa americana, commonly called the American beautyberry, is an open-habitat, native shrub of the Southern United States which is often grown as an ornamental in gardens and yards. American beautyberries produce large clusters of purple berries, which birds and deer eat, thus distributing the seeds.
The petioles are 1 to 6 cm long and the blades are 7 to 23 by 5 to 18 cm and covered with short hairs. The flowers are white, tubular with 5 pointed lobes, and grouped in corymbiform cymes. They are shed soon after opening. The fruits are berries that grow in clusters of tiny green spheres (ca. 1 cm in diameter) that look like green peas.
Tiny white flowers, typically in three, globe-shaped clusters 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) wide, are produced on tall scapes that grow about the same height as the leaves, about 30–60 cm (12–24 in) high. The flowers bloom from May to July and develop into purple-black edible berries. The leaves go dormant in summer before the fruits ripen.