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Betula nana is native to arctic and cool temperate regions of Greenland, Iceland, northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America and it will grow in a variety of conditions. Outside of far northern areas, it is usually found growing only in mountains above 300 metres (980 ft), up to 835 metres (2,740 ft) in Great Britain and 2,200 ...
Salix herbacea, the dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow, is a species of tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae) adapted to survive in harsh arctic and subarctic environments. Distributed widely in alpine and arctic environments around the North Atlantic Ocean , it is one of the smallest woody plants .
The region can support limited subalpine forests of black spruce (Picea mariana, tamarack (Larix laricina), white spruce (Picea glauca), dwarf birch (Betula nana), and willow (Salix spp.) [4] There are extensive wetlands in the low areas. Many mammal species are adapted to live in this environment.
The ecoregion stretches 1,200 km from the Great Slave Lake in the south to the mouth of the Mackenzie River at the Arctic Ocean in the north. [2] The river valley is one of broad lowlands, with plateaus on the edges and highlands in the southwest. The median elevation is 348 metres (1,142 ft), and the highest point is 2,208 metres (7,244 ft). [3]
Betula pubescens (syn. Betula alba), commonly known as downy birch and also as moor birch, white birch, European white birch or hairy birch, is a species of deciduous tree, native and abundant throughout northern Europe and northern Asia, growing further north than any other broadleaf tree.
Eared Willow (Salix aurita; Ausytasis karklas) Downy Willow (Salix lapponum; Laplandinis karklas) Swamp Willow (Salix myrtilloides; Mėlynlapis karklas) Purple Willow (Salix purpurea; Purpurinis karklas) Creeping Willow (Salix repens; Gulsčiasis karklas) Rosemary-Leaved Willow (Salix rosmarinifolia; Pelkinis karklas)
The Arctic willow is a food source for several Arctic animals. Muskoxen, caribou, Arctic hares, and lemmings all feed on the bark and twigs, while the buds are the main food source of the rock ptarmigan. It is the primary host plant and food source for the Arctic woolly bear moth (Gynaephora groenlandica). [10]
Arctic vegetation is largely controlled by the mean temperature in July, the warmest month. Arctic vegetation occurs in the tundra climate, where trees cannot grow.Tundra climate has two boundaries: the snow line, where permanent year-round snow and ice are on the ground, and the tree line, where the climate becomes warm enough for trees to grow. [7]