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Hydrogeology is an interdisciplinary subject; it can be difficult to account fully for the chemical, physical, biological, and even legal interactions between soil, water, nature, and society. The study of the interaction between groundwater movement and geology can be quite complex.
Hydrology (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and -λογία 'study of') is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and drainage basin sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is called a hydrologist.
One of the biggest challenges is using an organized, methodical, and efficient way to combine geophysical and hydrogeological data sets that measure different parameters over different spatial scales. This is the largest obstacle because the foundation of hydrogeophysics is integrating hydrogeology with geophysics. [3]
Movement of water within the vadose zone is studied within soil physics and hydrology, particularly hydrogeology, and is of importance to agriculture, contaminant transport, and flood control. The Richards equation is often used to mathematically describe the flow of water, which is based partially on Darcy's law.
A natural spring on Mackinac Island in Michigan. Springs are formed when groundwater flows onto the surface. This typically happens when the water table reaches above the surface level, or if the terrain depresses sharply.
Hydrogeomorphology has been defined as “an interdisciplinary science that focuses on the interaction and linkage of hydrologic processes with landforms or earth materials and the interaction of geomorphic processes with surface and subsurface water in temporal and spatial dimensions.” [1] The term 'hydro-geomorphology’ designates the study of landforms caused by the action of water. [2]
In subsurface hydrology (hydrogeology), a hydrograph is a record of the water level (the observed hydraulic head in wells screened across an aquifer). Typically, a hydrograph is recorded for monitoring of heads in aquifers during non-test conditions (e.g., to observe the seasonal fluctuations in an aquifer).
In hydrology, there are two similar but distinct definitions in use for the word drawdown: . In subsurface hydrogeology, drawdown is the reduction in hydraulic head observed at a well in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well as part of an aquifer test or well test.