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2. Quotient space (linear algebra) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient_space_(linear...

   The quotient space is then defined as , the set of all equivalence classes induced by on . Scalar multiplication and addition are defined on the equivalence classes by [2][3] for all , and. . It is not hard to check that these operations are well-defined (i.e. do not depend on the choice of representatives). These operations turn the quotient ...

3. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

   Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself. In mathematics, exponentiation is an operation involving two numbers: the base and the exponent or power.

4. Limit (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, a limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the argument (or index) approaches some value. [1] Limits of functions are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis, and are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals. The concept of a limit of a sequence is further generalized to the concept of ...

5. Norm (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_(mathematics)

   Norm (mathematics) In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance from the origin: it commutes with scaling, obeys a form of the triangle inequality, and is zero only at the origin. In particular, the Euclidean distance in a Euclidean space ...

6. e (mathematical constant) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)

   A. 1685. Graph of the equation y = 1/x. Here, e is the unique number larger than 1 that makes the shaded area under the curve equal to 1. The number e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function.

7. Pythagorean theorem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem

   In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.