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2. Mental calculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_calculation

   This technique allows easy multiplication of numbers close and below 100.(90-99) [2] The variables will be the two numbers one multiplies. The product of two variables ranging from 90-99 will result in a 4-digit number. The first step is to find the ones-digit and the tens digit. Subtract both variables from 100 which will result in 2 one-digit ...

3. Stepped reckoner - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepped_reckoner

   divide a 16-digit number by an 8-digit divisor. Addition or subtraction is performed in a single step, with a turn of the crank. Multiplication and division are performed digit by digit on the multiplier or divisor digits, in a procedure equivalent to the familiar long multiplication and long division procedures taught in

4. Division algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_algorithm

   Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.

5. Long division - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_division

   If necessary, simplify the long division problem by moving the decimals of the divisor and dividend by the same number of decimal places, to the right (or to the left), so that the decimal of the divisor is to the right of the last digit. When doing long division, keep the numbers lined up straight from top to bottom under the tableau.

6. Short division - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_division

   Dividing 950 by 4 in a single step would require knowing the multiplication table up to 238 × 4. Instead, the division is reduced to small steps. Instead, the division is reduced to small steps. Starting from the left, enough digits are selected to form a number (called the partial dividend ) that is at least 4×1 but smaller than 4×10 (4 ...

7. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

   Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms. Arithmetic systems can be distinguished based on the type of numbers they operate on.