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Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control. The introduction of the birth control pill ("the Pill") in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and in the media.
In March 1960, the Birmingham FPA began trials of noretynodrel 2.5 mg + mestranol 50 μg, but a high pregnancy rate initially occurred when the pills accidentally contained only 36 μg of mestranol—the trials were continued with noretynodrel 5 mg + mestranol 75 μg (Conovid in the UK, Enovid 5 mg in the US). [223]
The pharmacokinetics of dienogest are linear; single oral doses of dienogest were found to result in maximal levels of 28 ng/mL with 1 mg, 54 ng/mL with 2 mg, 101 ng/mL with 4 mg, and 212 ng/mL with 8 mg. [7] The corresponding area-under-the-curve levels were 306, 577, 1153, and 2293 ng/mL, respectively. [7]
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Amen, Curretab, Cycrin, Provera) – 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg; Megestrol acetate (Megace) – 20 mg, 40 mg – approved specifically for the treatment of breast and endometrial cancer [46] and for the treatment of anorexia, cachexia, and weight loss in patients with AIDS Tooltip acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [47]
Emergency contraception (EC) is a birth control measure, used after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy.. There are different forms of EC. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), sometimes simply referred to as emergency contraceptives (ECs), or the morning-after pill, are medications intended to disrupt or delay ovulation or fertilization, which are necessary for pregnancy.
[4] Side effects can include nausea, headache, blood clots, breast pain, depression, and liver problems. [3] Use is not recommended during pregnancy, the initial three weeks after childbirth, and in those at high risk of blood clots. [3] However, it may be started immediately after a miscarriage or abortion. [5]
Mifepristone, also known as 11β-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-17α-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic estrane steroid and a derivative of steroid hormones like progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone. [49] It has substitutions at the C11β and C17α positions and double bonds at the C4(5) and C9(10) positions. [49]