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  2. Conoscopic interference pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conoscopic_interference...

    The point where the isogyres is most tightly curved represents the position of each of the two optic axes present for a biaxial mineral, and thus the maximum separation between the two curves is diagnostic of the angle between the two optic axes for the mineral. This angle is called the optic angle and often notated as "2V". In some cases ...

  3. Coincidence rangefinder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincidence_rangefinder

    The position of the lenses A and B are known, and the angle of the lenses α and/or β is set by the operator so that both are aimed at the target. Because the distance between A and B on a coincidence rangefinder is typically fixed, once the angle is set correctly the operator need only read the range from the scale.

  4. Topaz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topaz

    Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2. ... The 2V optical angle in topaz can range from 48° to 69 ...

  5. Angle of incidence (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics)

    The angle of incidence, in geometric optics, is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal. The ray can be formed by any waves, such as optical, acoustic, microwave, and X-ray. In the figure below, the line representing a ray makes an ...

  6. 2V - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2V

    2V or 2-V may refer to: 2V, IATA code for Amtrak; 2V angle, curved isogyre differences in a conoscopic interference pattern in optical crystallography; P-2V, a model of Lockheed P-2 Neptune; An-2V, a model of Antonov An-2; 2V (V-69), manufacturer's designation for Venera 5 spacecraft; 2VLY, call sign for Power FM 98.1

  7. Rangefinder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangefinder

    It used the measurement of the angle of depression from the observer, sited on a high vantage point, to the waterline of the target vessel. [ 5 ] In 1899, Carl Pulfrich at Carl Zeiss AG fabricated a practical stereoscopic rangefinder , [ 6 ] based on a patent of Hector Alexander de Grousilliers.

  8. Cardinal point (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_point_(optics)

    Rays that leave the object with the same angle cross at the back focal plane. The front and rear (or back) focal planes are defined as the planes, perpendicular to the optic axis, which pass through the front and rear focal points. An object infinitely far from the optical system forms an image at the rear focal plane. For an object at a finite ...

  9. Polarimeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarimeter

    A polarimeter [1] is a scientific instrument used to measure optical rotation: the angle of rotation caused by passing linearly polarized light through an optically active substance. [ 2 ] Some chemical substances are optically active, and linearly polarized (uni-directional) light will rotate either to the left (counter-clockwise) or right ...