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New York's law for gradual abolition of slavery did not completely free all adults until 1827. In the early 1800s Kings County and Brooklyn on Long Island still had many enslaved laborers, as they were important to the agricultural economy of the area at the time. [8] Pennington attended the first Negro National Convention in Philadelphia in 1829.
Hammon's Address to the Negroes in the State of New-York, 1806. Jupiter Hammon (October 17, 1711 – c. 1806) [1] was an American writer who is known as a founder of African-American literature, as his poem published in 1761 in New York was the first by an African American man in North America.
Other prominent writers of the 18th century that helped shape the tone and direction of African American literature were David Walker (1796–1830), an abolitionist and writer best known for his Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World (1829); Frederick Douglass, who was a former enslaved person who became a prominent abolitionist, orator ...
William Wells Brown (November 6, 1814 – November 6, 1884) was an American abolitionist, novelist, playwright, and historian. Born into slavery near Mount Sterling, Kentucky, Brown escaped to Ohio in 1834 at the age of 19.
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born into slavery on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Talbot County, Maryland.The plantation was between Hillsboro and Cordova; [10] his birthplace was likely his grandmother's cabin [b] east of Tappers Corner and west of Tuckahoe Creek.
The development of slave narratives from autobiographical accounts to modern fictional works led to the establishment of slave narratives as a literary genre.This large rubric of this so-called "captivity literature" includes more generally "any account of the life, or a major portion of the life, of a fugitive or former slave, either written or orally related by the slave himself or herself". [4]
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, 1872. Frances Ellen Watkins was born free on September 24, 1825 [3] in Baltimore, Maryland (then a slave state), the only child of free parents. [4] [5] Her parents, whose names are unknown, both died in 1828, making Watkins an orphan at the age of three. [3]
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882), [2] who went by his middle name Waldo, [3] was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, minister, abolitionist, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.