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A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. It is a plane angle formed on a third plane, perpendicular to the line of intersection between the two planes or the common edge between the two half-planes. In higher dimensions, a dihedral angle represents the angle between two hyperplanes.
Because dihedral angle values are circular and 0° is the same as 360°, the edges of the Ramachandran plot "wrap" right-to-left and bottom-to-top. For instance, the small strip of allowed values along the lower-left edge of the plot are a continuation of the large, extended-chain region at upper left.
The bond angles in the table below are ideal angles from the simple VSEPR theory (pronounced "Vesper Theory") [citation needed], followed by the actual angle for the example given in the following column where this differs. For many cases, such as trigonal pyramidal and bent, the actual angle for the example differs from the ideal angle, and ...
exact dihedral angle (radians) dihedral angle – exact in bold, else approximate (degrees) Platonic solids (regular convex) ... Table of polyhedron dihedral angles.
This type of representation clearly illustrates the specific dihedral angle between the proximal and distal atoms. [ 2 ] This projection is named after American chemist Melvin Spencer Newman , who introduced it in 1952 as a partial replacement for Fischer projections , which are unable to represent conformations and thus conformers properly.
The F–C–C–F dihedral angle is 68°, whereas the I–C–C–I dihedral angle is 180°. [1] In the study of conformational isomerism, the gauche effect is an atypical situation where a gauche conformation (groups separated by a torsion angle of approximately 60°) is more stable than the anti conformation (180°). [2]
In chemistry, the Z-matrix is a way to represent a system built of atoms.A Z-matrix is also known as an internal coordinate representation.It provides a description of each atom in a molecule in terms of its atomic number, bond length, bond angle, and dihedral angle, the so-called internal coordinates, [1] [2] although it is not always the case that a Z-matrix will give information regarding ...
Figure 3: Representation of a strictly anti-coplanar conformation. A, B, C, and D are in the same plane and the dihedral angle between A–B and C–D is 180°. Figure 4: Newman projection showing A and D anti-periplanar. Figure 5: Sawhorse projection of 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane showing Cl and H anti-periplanar.