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The most common abnormality the test can screen is trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).In addition to Down syndrome, the triple and quadruple screens assess risk for fetal trisomy 18 also known as Edwards syndrome, open neural tube defects, and may also detect an increased risk of Turner syndrome, triploidy, trisomy 16 mosaicism, fetal death, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, and steroid sulfatase ...
Second-trimester maternal serum screening (AFP screening, triple screen, quad screen, or penta screen) can check levels of alpha fetoprotein, β-hCG, inhibin-A, estriol, and h-hCG (hyperglycosolated hCG) in the woman's serum. The triple test measures serum levels of AFP, estriol, and beta-hCG, with a 70% sensitivity and 5% false-positive rate.
7.2, [147] 7.4, [148] 7.5 [149] 10.4, [148] 11.5, [149] 11.7 [147] fL: Prothrombin time (PT) 10, [18] 11, [14] [150] 12 [15] 13, [18] 13.5, [150] 14, [15] 15 [14] s: PT reference varies between laboratory kits – INR is standardised INR: 0.9 [5] 1.2 [5] The INR is a corrected ratio of a patient's PT to normal Activated partial thromboplastin ...
Serum levels are useful in assessing response to treatment. [citation needed] Like any elevated tumor marker, elevated AFP by itself is not diagnostic, only suggestive. Tumor markers are used primarily to monitor the result of a treatment (e.g. chemotherapy). If levels of AFP go down after treatment, the tumor is not growing.
[7] [8] The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). [9] Maternal AFP serum level is used to screen for Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and other chromosomal abnormalities. [10] AFP is a major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the fetal liver during fetal development. It is thought to be the fetal analog of serum ...
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1-4.5 × 10 −7: 1-4.5 × 10 −7: Folate: 2.2-17.3 × 10 −9: in erythrocyte 1.67-7.07 × 10 −7: Folic acid: 2.3-5.2 × 10 −8: 1.6-2 × 10 −8: Fructose: 0-5 × 10 −5: 7-8 × 10 −5: Furosemide glucuronide: 1-400 × 10 −6: Galactose: children <2 × 10 −4: Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) <1.25-4.0 × 10 −10: Gastrin: mean 7 × ...
Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.