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The triple test, also called triple screen, the Kettering test or the Bart's test, is an investigation performed during pregnancy in the second trimester to classify a patient as either high-risk or low-risk for chromosomal abnormalities (and neural tube defects). The term "multiple-marker screening test" is sometimes used instead.
Print/export Download as PDF; ... Serum levels: 70–79 years, non-African-American: ... Test: Patient Lower limit Upper limit Unit Comments
Second-trimester maternal serum screening (AFP screening, triple screen, quad screen, or penta screen) can check levels of alpha fetoprotein, β-hCG, inhibin-A, estriol, and h-hCG (hyperglycosolated hCG) in the woman's serum. The triple test measures serum levels of AFP, estriol, and beta-hCG, with a 70% sensitivity and 5% false-positive rate.
Principal tumors that secrete AFP are endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac carcinoma), hepatoblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.In patients with AFP-secreting tumors, serum levels of AFP often correlate with tumor size. Resection is usually associated with a fall in serum levels. Serum levels are useful in assessing response to treatment.
[7] [8] The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). [9] Maternal AFP serum level is used to screen for Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and other chromosomal abnormalities. [10] AFP is a major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the fetal liver during fetal development. It is thought to be the fetal analog of serum ...
An MoM for a test result for a patient can be determined by the following: = () As an example, Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing is used to screen for a neural tube defect (NTD) during the second trimester of pregnancy. If the median AFP result at 16 weeks of gestation is 30 ng/mL and a pregnant woman's AFP result at that same gestational age is ...
4.9-7 × 10 −5: C8 4.3-6.3 × 10 −5: C9 4.7-6.9 × 10 −5: Properdin: 2.4-3.2 × 10 −5: Compound S: 1-3 × 10 −9: Copper: 9-15 × 10 −7: male 7-14 × 10 −7: female 8-15.5 × 10 −7: Corticosteroids: Steroid hormones 1-4 × 10 −6: Corticosterone: 4-20 × 10 −9: Cortisol: Inhibits CRH secretion 3-23 × 10 −8: 8 AM 6-23 × 10 ...
AFP-L3% is the standard for quantifying the L3 isoform of AFP in serum of high risk chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. Studies have shown that AFP-L3% test results of more than 10% can be indicative of early HCC [ citation needed ] or early nonseminomatous germ cell tumor .