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An upstream open reading frame (uORF) is an open reading frame (ORF) within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of an mRNA. uORFs can regulate eukaryotic gene expression. [1] [2] Translation of the uORF typically inhibits downstream expression of the primary ORF. However, in some genes such as yeast GCN4, translation of specific uORFs may ...
Some short open reading frames, [7] also named small open reading frames, [8] abbreviated as sORFs or smORFs, usually < 100 codons in length, [9] that lack the classical hallmarks of protein-coding genes (both from ncRNAs and mRNAs) can produce functional peptides. [10] They encode microproteins or sORFâencoded proteins (SEPs).
The evolutionarily constrained open reading frame is found on a bicistronic transcript which has a downstream ORF encoding the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N. The upstream coding region utilizes the first three exons of the transcript, a region that has been identified as an imprinting center.
Another form of translational regulation in eukaryotes comes from unique elements on the 5′ UTR called upstream open reading frames (uORF). These elements are fairly common, occurring in 35–49% of all human genes. [18] A uORF is a coding sequence located in the 5′ UTR located upstream of the coding sequences initiation site.
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5′ TLs typically inhibit translation of the downstream main protein coding region (CDS). [13] [14] (See B) Translation suppression of the CDS is attributable to the 5′ to 3′ directional nature of 48S PIC scanning. After successfully translating the uORF, the ribosome dissociates from the mRNA as ...
The translation of ATF4 is dependent on upstream open reading frames located in the 5'UTR. [13] The location of the second uORF, aptly named uORF2, overlaps with the ATF4 open-reading frame. During normal conditions, the uORF1 is translated, and then translation of uORF2 occurs only after eIF2-TC has been reacquired.
Chromosome 8 open reading frame 58 is an uncharacterised protein that in humans ... One upstream in-frame stop codon. ... C8orf58 has a relatively short 5’ region ...
A short open reading frame upstream of the main open reading frame may reduce efficiency of translation. The 3’ untranslated region of C9orf43 contains 3 predicted stem -loop structures with 4 miRNA predicted to bind. [17] [18] The gene neighborhood of C9orf43 constructed by NCBI Gene. [9] POLE3 antisense expression is shown.
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related to: short upstream open reading frames