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NASA Langley's Hypersonic Facilities Complex, 1969. A hypersonic wind tunnel is designed to generate a hypersonic flow field in the working section, thus simulating the typical flow features of this flow regime - including compression shocks and pronounced boundary layer effects, entropy layer and viscous interaction zones and most importantly high total temperatures of the flow.
NASA Langley Hypersonic Propulsion Integration 15 Inch Mach 6 High-Temperature Tunnel ... Hypersonic wind tunnel: Mach 4, 5, 6; trisonic wind tunnel: Mach 0 to 0.8, 1 ...
In 1934 the world's largest wind tunnel was constructed at Langley Field with a 30-by-60-foot (9.1 m × 18.3 m) test section; it was large enough to test full-scale aircraft. [9] [10] It remained the world's largest wind tunnel until the 1940s, when a 40-by-80-foot (12 m × 24 m) tunnel was built at NASA's Ames Research Center in California. [11]
Full-scale model of the X-43 plane in Langley's 8-foot (2 m), high-temperature wind tunnel The craft was created to develop and test a supersonic-combustion ramjet, or " scramjet " engine, an engine variation where external combustion takes place within air that is flowing at supersonic speeds. [ 5 ]
HIADs have a Viking-era genesis; developed by engineers at the NASA Langley Research Center as a possible system for crewed reentry. However, HIAD development ceased in the mid-1970s when it was shown disk-gap-band supersonic parachutes were suitable for the Viking, Pioneer Venus and Galileo mission environments. [ 5 ]
To test these concepts, particularly in regard to public and military safety, NASA Langley is building its first new wind tunnel in over 40 years. The NASA Flight Dynamic Research Facility, a ...
The transonic dynamics tunnel at NASA Langley is an example of such a tunnel. Cryogenic tunnels: Test gas is cooled down to increase the Reynolds number. The European transonic wind tunnel uses this technique. High-altitude tunnels: These are designed to test the effects of shock waves against various aircraft shapes in near vacuum.
The tunnels reach speeds from Mach 3 to Mach 30 to create testing conditions that simulate hypersonic to re-entry flight. These tunnels are used by military and government agencies to test hypersonic vehicles that undergo a variety of natural phenomenon that occur during hypersonic flight.