Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The first medicinal use of GM bacteria was to produce the protein insulin to treat diabetes. [19] Other medicines produced include clotting factors to treat haemophilia , [ 20 ] human growth hormone to treat various forms of dwarfism , [ 21 ] [ 22 ] interferon to treat some cancers, erythropoietin for anemic patients, and tissue plasminogen ...
Escherichia coli bacteria, which are often utilized in production of pharmaceutical products. Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop useful products. Biotechnology is often used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Notable examples include the use of bacteria to produce things such as insulin or human growth hormone.
One approach to this technology is the creation of a transgenic mammal that can produce the biopharmaceutical in its milk (or blood or urine). Once an animal is produced, typically using the pronuclear microinjection method, it becomes efficacious to use cloning technology to create additional offspring that carry the favorable modified genome ...
Then, a scientist will insert the human gene for insulin into the gap left by the extracted DNA. This plasmid is now considered a genetically modified entity. The genetically modified entity is reintroduced into a new bacterial or yeast cell. This cell will then undergo mitosis and divide rapidly, producing insulin suitable for human needs.
Recombinant insulin is synthesized by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, or yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) [19] which then produces insulin for human use. [20] Insulin produced by E. coli requires further post translational modifications (e.g. glycosylation) whereas yeasts are able to perform these modifications themselves by ...
Transgenic or genetically modified organisms, be they bacteria, viruses or fungi, serve many research purposes. Transgenic plants , insects, fish and mammals (including humans) have been bred. Transgenic plants such as corn and soybean have replaced wild strains in agriculture in some countries (e.g. the United States).
The first transgenic livestock were produced in 1985, [66] by micro-injecting foreign DNA into rabbit, sheep and pig eggs. [67] The first animal to synthesise transgenic proteins in their milk were mice, [68] engineered to produce human tissue plasminogen activator. [69] This technology was applied to sheep, pigs, cows and other livestock. [68]
One of the earliest uses of genetic engineering was to mass-produce human insulin in bacteria. [33] This application has now been applied to human growth hormones, follicle stimulating hormones (for treating infertility), human albumin, monoclonal antibodies, antihemophilic factors, vaccines and many other drugs.