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In mathematics, a multiplication table (sometimes, less formally, a times table) is a mathematical table used to define a multiplication operation for an algebraic system. The decimal multiplication table was traditionally taught as an essential part of elementary arithmetic around the world, as it lays the foundation for arithmetic operations ...
[47] [48] Although he was preceded by the Babylonians, Indians and the Chinese, [49] the Neopythagorean mathematician Nicomachus (60–120 AD) provided one of the earliest Greco-Roman multiplication tables, whereas the oldest extant Greek multiplication table is found on a wax tablet dated to the 1st century AD (now found in the British Museum ...
Twenty-one bamboo strips of the Tsinghua Bamboo Strips, when assembled in the correct order, represent a decimal multiplication table that can be used to multiply numbers (any whole or half integer) up to 99.5. [3] Joseph Dauben of the City University of New York called it "the earliest artefact of a decimal multiplication table in the world". [3]
The History of Mathematical Tables: from Sumer to Spreadsheets is an edited volume in the history of mathematics on mathematical tables.It was edited by Martin Campbell-Kelly, Mary Croarken, Raymond Flood, and Eleanor Robson, developed out of the presentations at a conference on the subject organised in 2001 by the British Society for the History of Mathematics, [1] [2] and published in 2003 ...
Their multiplication tables were not the tables that one might expect by analogy to decimal multiplication tables. Instead, they kept only tables for multiplication by certain "principal numbers" (the regular numbers and 7). To calculate other products, they would split one of the numbers to be multiplied into a sum of principal numbers.
Nicomachus provided one of the earliest Greco-Roman multiplication tables; the oldest extant Greek multiplication table is found on a wax tablet dated to the 1st century AD (now found in the British Museum). [5]
The result of a multiplication is called a product. When one factor is an integer, the product is a multiple of the other or of the product of the others. Thus, is a multiple of , as is . A product of integers is a multiple of each factor; for example, 15 is the product of 3 and 5 and is both a multiple of 3 and a multiple of 5.
Statue of John Napier, Scottish National Portrait Gallery. John Napier of Merchiston (/ ˈ n eɪ p i ər / NAY-pee-ər; [1] Latinized as Ioannes Neper; 1 February 1550 – 4 April 1617), nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston, was a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer.