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11th-century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum, Exodus 12:25–31 The Franks Casket is an 8th-century Anglo-Saxon whalebone casket, the back of which depicts the enslavement of the Jewish people at the lower right. The Bible contains many references to slavery, which was a common practice in antiquity.
Hebrews would be punished if they beat a slave causing death within a day or two, [17] and would have to let a slave go free if they were to destroy a slave's eye or tooth, [18] force a slave to work on the Sabbath, [19] return an escaped slave of another people who had taken refuge among the Israelites, [20] or to slander a slave. [21]
Early Christian authors (except for Assyrian Christians who did not believe in slavery) [citation needed] maintained the spiritual equality of slaves and free persons while accepting slavery as an institution. Early modern papal decrees allowed the enslavement of the unbelievers, though popes denounced slavery from the fifteenth century onward. [1]
Throughout the 1700s and 1800s, the Church did missionary work in the Americas, targeting both slave and non-slave. [2] On 22 December 1741, Pope Benedict XIV promulgated the papal bull Immensa Pastorum Principis against the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas and other countries.
[14] [22] Because these passages have been used throughout history to justify antisemitism, scholars like Luke T. Johnson have attempted to nuance the portrayal of the Jews both by presenting a less homogenous dichotomy of 'Christians' versus 'Jews' and by contextualizing the polemics within the rhetoric of contemporaneous philosophical debate ...
The exclusive use of the King James Version is recorded in a statement made by the Tennessee Association of Baptists in 1817, stating "We believe that any person, either in a public or private capacity who would adhere to, or propagate any alteration of the New Testament contrary to that already translated by order of King James the 1st, that is now in common in use, ought not to be encouraged ...
In the Book of Numbers, the laws concerning the cities of refuge state that, once he had claimed asylum, a perpetrator had to be taken from the city and put on trial; [5] if the trial found that the perpetrator was innocent of murder, then the perpetrator had to be returned under guard (for their own protection) to the city in which they had claimed asylum. [6]
Some commentators have used the parable to justify the principle of a "living wage", [8] though generally conceding that this is not the main point of the parable. [8] An example is John Ruskin in the 19th century, who quoted the parable in the title of his book Unto This Last. Ruskin did not discuss the religious meaning of the parable but ...