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Medical problems can result in interventions that can be frightening. The near death of a mother or baby, heavy bleeding, and emergency operations are examples of situations that can cause psychological trauma. Premature birth may be traumatic. [7] Emotional difficulties in coping with the pain of childbirth can also cause psychological trauma.
The PAA is a version of Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), adapted to 2–5-year-old children. It assesses the child's self-protective strategies used with the adult involved in the assessment. [57] It also uses a video recorded 8-segment process over a structured 21–23 minute adult-child interaction.
Pain in childbirth also serves to protect the child and the mother during the childbirth process. Pain has some function roles to warn the body of potential danger or to the presence of injury. In the case of pregnancy, it can help the pregnant individual to detect any danger to the child, as well as adjusting to an optimal position for childbirth.
Birth trauma refers to damage of the tissues and organs of a newly delivered child, often as a result of physical pressure or trauma during childbirth. It encompasses the long term consequences, often of cognitive nature, of damage to the brain or cranium. [ 1 ]
The CPSS was created with the intention of quickly and efficiently assessing all PTSD symptoms in many children. The following DSM-IV criteria for PTSD needed to be assessed in the three symptom clusters using a 7 item assessment: re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal symptoms [7] and trauma-related functional impairments. [1]
In more extreme cases, symptoms can include labor pains, fatigue, postpartum depression, and nosebleeds. The labor pain symptom is commonly known as sympathy pain. The source of Couvade syndrome is a matter of debate. Some believe it to be a psychosomatic condition, while others believe it may have biological causes relating to hormone changes. [2]
The trauma model of mental disorders, or trauma model of psychopathology, emphasises the effects of physical, sexual and psychological trauma as key causal factors in the development of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety [1] as well as psychosis, [2] whether the trauma is experienced in childhood or adulthood. It ...
Vicarious trauma, conceptually based in constructivism, [12] [13] [14] arises from interaction between individuals and their situations. A helper's personal history (including prior traumatic experiences), coping strategies, support network, and other things interact with his or her situation (including work setting, nature of the work, and clientele served) and may trigger vicarious trauma.